Respiratory Illnesses

Respiratory viruses are viruses that cause illnesses in the respiratory system. These illnesses share similar symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies. Each year, respiratory viruses such as influenza (flu), COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations and thousands of deaths during the fall and winter virus season.

Symptoms

Respiratory viruses may cause both upper respiratory tract symptoms (the vocal chords and above) and lower respiratory tract symptoms (below the vocal chords). Some viruses also affect the nose, throat and lungs, and can lead to serious lung infections, such as pneumonia.

Examples of respiratory virus symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Fatigue
  • Cough
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Decrease in appetite
  • Sore Throat
  • Vomiting
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Headache, muscle or body aches
  • Diarrhea
  • Weakness

If you have an emergency warning sign (like trouble breathing or chest pain), seek emergency medical care immediately.

Respiratory Illness Infographic

What to do when you are sick

CDC recommends when people get sick with a respiratory virus (COVID-19, flu, RSV) that they stay home and away from others.

  • You can go back to your normal activities when, for at least 24 hours:
    • Your symptoms are getting better overall, and
    • You have not had a fever (and are not using fever reducing medication).
  • When you go back to your normal activities, take added precaution over the next 5 days, such as wearing a mask, hygiene, physical distancing and/or testing when you will be around other people indoors.

Preventing Respiratory Viruses

Respiratory Illness Infographic

CDC recommends that people use core prevention strategies. These are important steps you can take to protect yourself and others:

  • Staying up to date with vaccination to protect people against serious illness, hospitalization, and death. This includes flu, COVID-19, and RSV if eligible.
  • Practicing good hygiene by covering coughs and sneezes, washing or sanitizing hands often, and cleaning frequently touched surfaces.
  • Taking steps for cleaner air, such as bringing in more fresh outside air, purifying indoor air, or gathering outdoors.

CDC’s Respiratory Virus Guidance

Frequently Asked Questions